Unit 24: Conjunctions
Kata Sambung
Pictured Words
Kata Benda Konkret
New Words
Kata-kata Baru
| 1. bridge
1. jembatan |
| 2. trees
2. pepohonan |
| 3. boat
3. perahu |
| 4. rail
4. rel |
| 5. steps
5. undakan |
| 6. balance
6. timbangan |
| 7. brain
7. otak |
| 8. neck
8. leher |
| 9. head
9. kepala |
| 10. garden
10. taman, kebun |
| 11. arch
11. lengkungan |
| 12. plants
12. tumbuh-tumbuhan |
| 13. steps
13. undakan |
Nouns
Kata Benda
otomatis
komunisme
lompatan
prosa
timbangan; keseimbangan
demokrasi
otak
pencernaan
opera
ritme
kulit
penerimaan; tanda terima
jembatan
pertukaran
operasi
peran
zat kimia
keberadaan
pemoles, polesan
ayat, lirik
komisi, komite
jaminan; asuransi
proses
luka
Adjectives
Kata Sifat
rumit
bersifat fisik
Sayings
Perkataan
The brain is only a part of our nervous system but it is the chief part.
Otak adalah bagian dari sistem saraf namun dia adalah bagian yang utama.
We must let our brains do work when we give our attention to the rhythm of verse.
Kita harus berpikir ketika sedang memperhatikan ritme dari lirik.
There is a bridge to the other side of the river but you may also take a boat.
Ada jembatan yang menghubungkan ke sisi seberang namun kamu juga bisa naik perahu.
The farm is just over the bridge and a little farther on.
Lahan pertanian itu terletak tidak terlalu jauh setelah melewati jembatan.
Is there an arch in the garden or are there only flowers?
Apakah ada lengkungan di taman atau hanya ada bunga-bunga?
Where is the chemical balance for me to make use of while I am waiting?
Mana timbangan kimia untuk kugunakan selagi menunggu?
Little pigs soon get big, but that means their existence is finished sooner.
Babi kecil segera menjadi besar namun itu berarti hidup mereka akan segera berakhir.
A monkey sends the others away while it takes its food.
Seekor monyet mengusir yang lainnya pergi selagi dia mengambil makanannya.
Conjunctions
Kata Sambung
We have already seen the conjunctions "and", "or" which make a join between various parts of speech.
Kita telah menjumpai kata sambung "dan", "atau" yang menghubungkan bagian-bagian percakapan.
There are several others that are worthy of some explanation.
Ada beberapa kata sambung lain yang juga patut dijelaskan.
They are: but, where, when and while.
Mereka adalah tetapi/namun, dimana, ketika dan sementara.
But
Tetapi/namun
The function of this conjunction is to join together statements that are to some extent opposite in meaning.
Fungsi dari kata sambung ini adalah untuk menggabungkan pernyataan yang kurang lebih berlawanan makna.
The second statement gives another view to the first.
Penyataan kedua memberikan pandangan yang berbeda dari yang pertama.
David became stronger and stronger, but those on Saul's side became more and more feeble.
Daud menjadi semakin kuat namun pihak Saul menjadi semakin lemah.
I will make an agreement with you, but on one condition.
Saya akan membuat kesepakatan denganmu namun ada satu syarat.
you will not come in here, but the blind and the feeble-footed will keep you out.
kamu tidak akan masuk ke sini namun yang buta dan lumpuh akan masuk.
I am living in a house of cedar, but the ark of God is housed inside a tent.
Saya mendiami istana yang terbuat dari kayu aras namun tabut Allah berdiam di dalam kemah.
Where, while, when
Dimana, ketika, sementara itu
These conjunctions join the main statement to the dependent one.
Kata sambung ini menggabungkan pernyataan induk dengan anak kalimat.
They let us see the place or time at which an action was done.
Menunjukkan tempat atau waktu ketika sebuah tindakan berlangsung.
"Where" gives the place of the action.
"Dimana" menunjuk pada tempat kejadian.
The word order is the same as in the main statement.
Susunan kata sama seperti pada induk kalimat.
"While" gives the time during which the action took place.
"Sementara" menunjuk kepada rentang waktu ketika tindakan itu terjadi.
"When" gives the time at which the action took place.
"Ketika" menunjuk pada satu waktu ketika tindakan itu terjadi.
Both "while" and "when" are generally put at the start of the sentence or phrase.
Baik "sementara" dan "ketika" biasanya ditempatkan di awal kalimat atau frasa.
Examples are
Contoh-contohnya:
| when
ketika | When you give money to the poor, do not make a noise about it.
Ketika kamu memberi sedekah, tidak usah menggembar-gemborkannya. |
| when
ketika | When you make your prayer, go into your private room.
Ketika kamu berdoa, masuklah ke dalam kamarmu. |
| when
ketika | when he had got into a boat.
ketika dia naik ke atas perahu. |
| where
dimana | where thieves may come in by force.
dimana pencuri mungkin datang secara paksa. |
| where
dimana | where it may be turned to dust by worms and weather.
dimana itu bisa dimakan oleh cacing dan cuaca. |
| where
dimana | among the stones, where it had not much earth.
di antara bebatuan, dimana tidak terdapat banyak tanah. |
| while
sementara | while he was saying these things to them.
sementara dia mengatakan semua ini kepada mereka. |
| while
sementara | while they were going away.
sementara mereka sedang pergi. |
| while
sementara | while he was still talking to the people.
sementara dia sedang berbicara kepada orang banyak itu. |
In Danger
Dalam Bahaya
Now on the third day, Esther put on her queen's robes, and took her place in the inner room of the king's house, facing the king's house; and the king was seated on his high seat in the king's house, facing the doorway of the house.
Pada hari yang ketiga, Ester mengenakan pakaian kebesarannya, dan masuk ke balairung istana raja, menghadap singgasana raja.
And when the king saw Esther the queen waiting in the inner room, looking kindly on her he put out the rod of gold in his hand to her.
Dan ketika raja melihat Ester sedang menanti di balairung, dia menatapnya dengan lembut dan mengulurkan tongkat emasnya kepada Ester.
So Esther came near and put her fingers on the top of the rod.
Lalu Ester mendekat dan menyentuh bagian atas tongkat emas itu.
Then the king said, What is your desire, Queen Esther, and what is your request?
Lau kata raja, Apa kehendakmu Ratu Ester, dan apa yang kauminta?
I will give it to you, even to the half of my kingdom.
Aku akan memberikannya meskipun kamu meminta separuh dari kerajaanku.
And Esther in answer said, If it seems good to the king, let the king and Haman come today to the feast which I have made ready for him.
Dan Ester menjawab, Jika raja menganggapnya baik, sekiranya raja dan Haman datang ke pesta yang telah kusiapkan baginya.
Then the king said, Let Haman come quickly, so that what Esther has said may be done.
Lalu kata raja, Panggil Haman dengan segera sehingga permintaan Ester dikabulkan.
So the king and Haman came to the feast which Esther had made ready.
Jadi raja dan Haman menghadiri pesta yang telah disiapkan Ester.
Additional Reading
Bacaan Tambahan
Esther's name had the sense of "Star".
Arti nama Ester adalah "Bintang".
She was married to the King of Persia and was specially taken for him from among many other girls in his kingdom because of her great beauty.
Dia menikahi Raja Persia dan dibawa ke hadapan raja di antara sekian banyak gadis dari negrinya karena kecantikannya yang luar biasa.
She was also a girl of self control in the face of danger.
Dia juga seorang gadis yang pandai mengendalikan diri di hadapan bahaya.
There was a law in the days of Esther that no one might come into the king's inner room unless sent for.
Ada hukum yang berlaku pada zaman Ester yakni tidak seorangpun boleh menghadap raja di balairung jika tidak dipanggil olehnya.
If one was so foolish as to do so, he might only be safe if the king put out his rod of gold for him to put his fingers on.
Jika ada orang yang nekat melakukan itu, dia bisa selamat hanya jika raja mengulurkan tongkat emasnya untuk disentuh oleh orang itu.
It is good that Esther was given the rod so that she might keep her life.
Untung saja Ester diulurkan tongkat emas itu sehingga dia bisa menyelamatkan hidupnya.
This gives us an example of two things: the power of the king and the danger to Esther.
Hal ini menggambarkan dua hal yakni kekuasaan raja dan bahaya bagi Ester.
The king was very powerful.
Raja sangatlah berkuasa.
His rule was over all the lands between India and Ethiopia.
Kekuasaannya mencakup seluruh daerah antara India dan Etiopia.
He had many divisions in his kingdom, with many languages in use and different classes of writing for the different nations.
Ada banyak daerah di dalam pemerintahannya dengan berbagai bahasa dan tulisan yang digunakan oleh bangsa yang berbeda.
Naturally, the king had great power and respect.
Umumnya, raja sangat berkuasa dan dihormati.
He did whatever seemed best to him.
Dia melakukan apa yang dipikirnya baik.
It was because he had given a feast to all his many captains and rulers that the trouble came about which made him take Esther as his new Queen.
Dikarenakan oleh pesta yang digelar raja bagi para panglima dan pegawainya maka timbul masalah sehingga dia mengangkat Ester sebagai Ratu baru.
She took the place of a Queen who had taken no notice of the king's orders when his feast was going on.
Dia menggantikan Ratu yang tidak mengindahkan perintah raja ketika pesta sedang berlangsung.
So Esther's position as a new Queen in the kingdom was not very safe.
Jadi kedudukan Ester sebagai Ratu baru belumlah aman.
This made it very dangerous for her to come to the king when not asked and whilst he was seated on his throne.
Hal ini mendatangkan bahaya yang sangat besar baginya ketika dia menghadap raja tanpa dipanggil dan ketika raja sedang berada di singgasananya.
But because Esther was very beautiful and because she made the attempt in the face of such great danger, she got a warm welcome from the king.
Namun karena Ester sangat cantik dan dia tetap berusaha meski itu berbahaya, dia disambut hangat oleh sang raja.
He held out his golden rod for her to put her fingers on.
Raja mengulurkan tongkat emasnya untuk disentuh oleh Ester.
He gave her the chance to make her special request.
Raja memberi peluang bagi Ester untuk mengajukan permintaan istimewanya.
Her desire was that he should come to a feast which she would have in her house.
Permintaannya adalah agar raja datang ke pesta yang telah disiapkannya di istana Ratu.
You see, the king did not have the same house as the queen.
Anda lihat bahwa raja tidak mendiami istana yang sama dengan ratu.
Each had a separate house, which was very large, with its own servants, gardens and foods.
Masing-masing memiliki istana tersendiri yang sangat besar, dengan pelayan, taman dan makanannya sendiri.
When he came to her house, her special request was to keep her people safe from destruction.
Ketika raja datang ke istananya, permintaan istimewa Ester adalah untuk menghindarkan bangsanya dari kehancuran.
This was necessary because there were frequent troubles which came about within his kingdom.
Ini diperlukan karena sering ada masalah yang timbul dari dalam kerajaan.
There were always different opinions between its different nations, and the separate rulers took every chance to put those of an opposite race to destruction.
Selalu ada perbedaan pendapat di antara bangsa yang berbeda-beda itu, dan setiap penguasa berusaha sebisa mungkin agar mereka yang menentangnya dihancurkan.
Esther's nation was one that was about to be put to an end.
Bangsa Ester adalah satu di antara bangsa yang hendak dihancurkan itu.
She herself would also meet her end if that came about.
Dia juga akan dibunuh jika hal itu sampai terjadi.
So, she kept to the ways of her times and gave a feast for the king at which she might put her question.
Jadi, dia menjalankan rencananya dan hendak mengajukan permintaan itu pada saat raja menghadiri pestanya.
When she put the question to him he was ready to keep her people safe.
Ketika dia mengajukan permintaan itu, raja bersedia untuk melindungi bangsanya.
He sent letters to all the divisions of his large kingdom, to every one of its nations in the writing commonly used there, and in the language used there.
Raja mengirim surat ke semua daerah kekuasaan kerajaannya, menurut bahasa dan tulisan yang digunakan di daerah masing-masing.
He gave authority for every person of Esther's race to be safe and not to come to his end.
Dia memerintahkan bahwa setiap orang yang berasal dari bangsa Ester harus dilindungi dan tidak boleh dibunuh.
His statement was taken by men on horseback, going on quick-running horses used only for the king's business.
Perintah ini disebarluaskan oleh para pembawa berita berkuda, mereka menunggang kuda cepat yang hanya digunakan untuk kepentingan raja.
It was the law that a writing in the king's name and stamped with the king's ring could not be changed.
Adalah hukum yang berlaku ketika itu bahwa keputusan atas nama raja dan telah disegel oleh raja tidak bisa diubah.
So Esther's race was saved throughout all the divisions of the kingdom as a result of her strong action in the face of great personal danger.
Jadi, bangsa Ester terselamatkan di seluruh daerah kerajaan itu karena Ester bertindak berani di hadapan bahaya besar yang mengancamnya.
Helpful Notes
Catatan Penolong
| queen's robes
pakaian kebesaran ratu | the dress of a female ruler.
pakaian bagi penguasa perempuan. |
| rod of gold
tongkat emas | this ruler's stick of gold.
tongkat emas milik raja. |
| half of kingdom
separuh dari kerajaan | showing a desire for full ageement.
memperlihatkan kesediaan yang penuh. |
| feast
pesta | a special meal for important persons.
jamuan istimewa bagi orang penting. |
| King of Persia
Raja Persia | ruler of a large country in Mesopotamia.
penguasa atas negri besar di Mesopotamia. |
| so foolish as to do
nekad | taking a dangerous chance.
mengambil langkah yang membahayakan diri sendiri. |
| India and Ethiopia
India dan Etiopia | see Unit 39, Ethiopia is in North Africa.
lihat unit 39, Etiopia terletak di Afrika. |
| classes of writing
jenis tulisan | the different ways of writing in other countries.
cara penulisan berbeda di negri lain. |
| captains and rulers
panglima dan pegawai | the men who controlled state and country.
orang-orang yang menjalankan kekuasaan negara dan pemerintahan. |
| quick-running horses
kuda cepat | horses used for sending messages quickly.
kuda yang digunakan untuk mengirim pesan dengan cepat. |
| stamped
disegel | the ruler's messages were given marks special to him.
perintah raja yang diberikan tanda khusus di atasnya. |
Interesting Facts And Records
Fakta dan Catatan yang Menarik
Sons of Abraham
Anak-anak Abraham
Many nations have respect for Abraham as their father.
Banyak bangsa menghormati Abhraham sebagai nenek moyang mereka.
The Moslems, the Jews and the Samaritans have looked back to him.
Kaum Muslim, Yahudi dan Samaria berasal dari Abraham.
The "Woman by the Well" was a Samaritan and she said "Our fathers gave worship on this mountain, but you Jews say the right place for worship is in Jerusalem".
"Perempuan di dekat Sumur" adalah seorang Samaria dan dia berkata "Leluhur kami beribadah di gunung ini namun kamu orang Yahudi berkata bahwa tempat ibadah yang benar adalah di Yerusalem".
There was a long standing argument between these two nations.
Ada pertentangan yang panjang di antara kedua bangsa ini.
Jesus took no pleasure in this argument.
Yesus tidak berusaha mencampuri pertentangan ini.
He told a story about the help a Samaritan man gave to one who had been attacked on his journey from Jerusalem.
Dia menceritakan tentang pertolongan yang diberikan oleh seorang Samaria kepada seorang lelaki yang diserang di tengah perjalanannya menuju ke Yerusalem.
It now has the name of "The Story of the Good Samaritan".
Kisah itu dinamakan "Kisah Mengenai Orang Samaria yang Baik".
Abraham at first had the name of "High Father", or "Abram".
Abraham pada mulanya bernama "Bapa yang Agung" atau "Abram".
In Genesis it is said that God made a change in his name to "Father of Many Nations", or "Abraham".
Di dalam kitab Kejadian, dikatakan bahwa Allah mengganti namanya menjadi "Bapa atas Banyak Bangsa" atau "Abraham".
And that is just what he has become.
Dan Abraham menjadi nenek moyang bagi banyak bangsa.
Abraham was born in a very old place with the name of Ur.
Abraham dilahirkan di sebuah tempat yang sangat kuno yang disebut Ur.
His father took him to a land in Turkey and there Abram made the observation that God said to him to go to a new country.
Ayahnya membawa dia ke negri Turki dan di sana Abram mendapat Firman Allah yang memerintahkannya pergi ke negri yang asing.
It now has the name of Israel.
Nama negri itu sekarang adalah Israel.
His marriage to Sarah did not give him any children until she was very old, in fact long after her time for giving birth.
Pernikahannya dengan Sarah tidak menghasilkan keturunan hingga dia menjadi sangat tua bahkan jauh melampaui usia melahirkan pada umumnya.
She was in her nineties and Abraham was then 100 years old.
Sara berusia sembilan puluhan dan Abraham berusia 100 tahun ketika itu.
This has an important result in law.
Hal ini berpengaruh penting kepada hukum alam.
Every woman is now seen as able to give birth to children until her death.
Sekarang setiap perempuan dianggap bisa melahirkan hingga akhir hayatnya.
As a result, no details about her property may be completed before she comes to the end of her existence.
Dampaknya adalah semua harta bendanya tidak boleh disita sebelum dia meninggal.
It is a strange fact, almost a fiction, but it is true.
Hal ini terkesan aneh seperti karangan belaka namun adalah nyata.
The nations that come from Abraham have always been in argument, even in these days of democracy, on the one hand, and of communism, on the other.
Bangsa-bangsa yang berasal dari Abraham selalu bertentangan bahkan antara demokrasi satu sisi dan komunisme, di sisi lain.
They have nothing in common at any point.
Mereka tidak memiliki kesamaan sedikitpun.
Isaac and Jacob followed Abraham and were the ones from whom came the Jewish nation.
Ishak dan Yakub adalah keturunan Abraham dan dari merekalah bangsa Yahudi berasal.
Isaac was the true son of Abraham and Sarah.
Ishak adalah anak Abraham dan Sarah.
This nation has now gone on trade and business to many countries.
Bangsa ini sekarang terlibat dalam perdagangan di banyak negara.
There they keep to their religious beliefs.
Di sana, mereka tetap menganut keyakinan agamanya.
There has been no limit to the degree of attention they have given to their personal and private religious ways.
Tidak dibatasi perhatian yang mereka berikan untuk cara hidup pribadi dan praktek keagamaan mereka.
As a result they have often had bitter experiences to put up with.
Akibatnya mereka seringkali mengalami kejadian yang pahit.
We have seen in our time the way they were given no peace in Germany when hammered out of existence by the Nazis.
Kita menyaksikan pada zaman modern bagaimana mereka mengalami kesusahan besar di Jerman ketika keberadaan mereka berusaha dihapuskan oleh Nazi.
A great amount of work is being done by the United Nations to make the peoples of the Palestine countries one unit and thus get peace between those great nations.
Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa telah berusaha keras untuk menyatukan rakyat dari negara-negara di Palestina sehingga tercipta kedamaian di antara bangsa-bangsa itu.
But they keep on their fight with fearful possibilities.
Namun mereka terus berjuang meski taruhannya nyawa.
If only they could "kiss and make up" it would be good for all.
Jika saja mereka bisa berbaikan, itu tentunya baik bagi semua.
In these days of the atom bomb, the possibilities are frightening if there should be war in those parts.
Di zaman bom atom, kemungkinannya sungguh mengerikan jika terjadi perang di bagian wilayah itu.
The results of radiation are just too serious to have in mind.
Dampak dari radiasi adalah terlalu menakutkan untuk dipikirkan.
So, the sons of Abraham are now just as God said they would be, "As the sands on the seashore" for number.
Jadi, anak-anak Abraham menjadi seperti apa yang Allah firmankan, "Banyaknya seperti pasir di pantai".
But, it is to be hoped they can give Him the respect both He and Abraham are worthy of by their ways of peace.
Namun sangat diharapkan bahwa mereka bisa memberi penghormatan kepada Allah yang layak diperoleh oleh-Nya dan kepada Abraham dengan mengusahakan perdamaian.
Not do it just by their words.
Tidak hanya lewat kata-kata.