Unit 1: The Alphabet and Parts of Speech
字母和词类
The Alphabet
字母表
English uses 26 letters in its alphabet, and these may be written in both large and small letters.
英语使用26字母在它的字母,并且这些可以被把大和写入小字母.
As large letters
作为大信件
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
As small letters
作为小字母
a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z
Vowels and Consonants
元音和辅音
These letters are of two types, called vowels and consonants
这些字母是的二类型,称元音和辅音
The vowels in English are:
元音用英语是
a e i o u
(in either small or large letters).
在或者小或者大字母
The rest are the consonants.
其余者是辅音.
All words have a vowel.
所有字有元音.
Sometimes there is only the vowel without any consonants, like in the word, I.
有时有仅仅元音在外面任何辅音,喜欢在字,我.词类.
Parts of Speech
词性
Words may be : Things (called nouns), qualities (adjectives) and structure words.
字可以是:东西(称名词),质量(形容词)并且结构字.
Nouns
名词
Nouns are things that we see around us or that come into our minds as ideas.
1.名词是"东西"那我们在附近看我们或那进入我们的头脑作为主意.
We see many different sorts of things in everyday life.
我们看许多不同种 "东西"在日常生活.
If we know their names, we can make ourselves clear for a very great part of the time.
如果我们知道他们的名,我们能制作我们自己清除为很大部分当今的.
Pronouns
代词
There are also words that stand for those things.
还有字那代表那些 "东西".
They are called pronouns.
他们被称为代名词.
Qualities or Adjectives
质量或形容词
Qualities or adjectives describe the things.
质量或形容词描述 "东西".
There are a number of words that build groups of words (sentences) with the nouns and their adjectives.
有许多字那建造字的组(句子)和名词和他们的形容词.
Without them we would have to point with our fingers or grunt in order to do the same job.
没有他们我们将不得不削尖我们的手指或作呼噜声为了做相同工作.
Structure Words
结构字
The words that go with the nouns and their adjectives are grouped together as "structure words".
字那一起去和名词和他们的形容词一起被组作为 "结构字".
At first there will be "structure words" and simple rules, with nouns and adjectives later on.
起初那里将是"结构字"并且简单规则,和名词和形容词以.
Verbs
动词
An important type of "structure word" in English is given the name of "verbs".
重要的类型的"结构字"用英语被给名字的"动词".
Only sixteen simple verbs and two helpers are needed for a large number of English verbs.
仅仅十六简单动词和二帮忙者被需要大量英语动词.
The 10 most frequent words in English are
10最频繁的字用英语是
“一特殊一个”
那
我
“属于对”
“任何一个”
它
并且
在
是
They make up a fourth part of all reading.
他们做成第四部分的所有读.
Of course, being so common, they will need no special examples for they will be seen many times here.
当然,是如此普通,他们将不必特殊例子为他们将被看见许多次这里.
Nouns
名词
One thing has the name - singular
一东西有名字: 单一的
more than one thing - plural
超过一: 复数
The only way the names of things change is from singular to plural.
仅仅方法东西的名改变来自单一的到复数.
The plural is formed by adding 's'.
复数被形成由加 's'.
Pronouns
代名词
There are not many personal pronouns.
没有许多个人的代名词.
They take a different form to show whether they are singular or plural.
他们拿不同形式给看是否他们单一的或复数.
It is only necessary to show person (gender) in the third person pronouns.
它进行必需给看人 (性)在第三人代名词.
They are: (to be made clear later)
他们是 (被阐明稍后)
Pronoun Table
代词表
| person - case - gender
人- 案件- 性别 | subject
主题 | object
对象 | owner
所有者 |
| 1st person - single
第一个人- 单一代词 | I
我 | me
我 | my
我的 |
| 1st person - plural
第一个人- 复数代词 | we
我们 | us
我们 | our
我们的 |
| 2nd person - single
第二人称- 唯一代词 | you
你 | you
你 | your
你的 |
| 2nd person - plural
第二人称- 复数代词 | you
你 | you
你 | your
你的 |
| 3rd person - single - masculine
第三人称- 单一男性代词 | he
他 | him
他 | his
他的 |
| 3rd person - single - feminine
第三人称- 单一女性代词 | she
她 | her
她 | her
她的 |
| 3rd person - single - neuter
第三人称- 单一中性代词 | it
它 | it
它 | its
它的 |
| 3rd person - plural
第三人称- 复数代词 | they
他们 | them
他们 | their
他们的 |
| I
我 | I am very sad for you.
我是非常悲哀的为你. |
| my
我的 | in my body
在我的体 |
| we
我们 | we are
我们是 |
| he
他 | he got ten of the men
他获得十的男人 |
| him
他 | crying out to him by name
大声呼喊他按名称 |
| she
她 | she went out of the place
她从出去放置 |
| her
她 | Only her two sons were with her
仅仅她二子弟是和她 |
| you
你 | you went away from your father and mother
你走开从你的父亲和母亲 |
| his
他的 | said to his servant
说到他的仆人 |
| it
它 | it is a girl
它是女孩 |
| they
他们 | they came in
他们进来 |
| them
他们 | go after them
追求他们他们 |
| their
们的 | as their wives
当他们的娶妻 |
Adjectives
形容词
Adjectives come just before a noun (1) or after parts of the verb 'to be'.
在名词前形容词仅仅来 (1)或后于动词的部分 '是'.
| young
(1)年轻 | young women
年轻女人 |
| strange
奇怪的 | a strange people
奇怪的人 |
| kind
亲切的 | kind words
亲切的字 |
| near
接近 | near relations
接近关系 |
| sweet
糖果 | sweet oil
橄榄油 |
| responsible
应负责任的 | responsible men
应负责任的男人 |
| good
(2)好 | the Lord be good
是勋爵好 |
| old
旧的 | I am so old
我如此旧的 |
| strange
奇怪的 | who are strange
谁是奇怪的 |
| sad
悲哀的 | I am sad
我悲哀的 |
| glad
喜欢的 | his heart was glad
他的心喜欢的 |
| great
伟大的 | may you be great
可以你伟大的 |
(be, am, are, was) are parts of the verb to be and will come later.
(是,是,是,是)是动词的部分被和将来稍后.
Give special attention to: "A" and "The"
把特殊注意: "A" 和"The"
"A" and "The"
"a" 和"the"
"a" and "the" are hard words to use.
"a" 和"the" 是坚硬词使用.
They give the relation to a group of things.
他们给关系一群东西.
"A" refers to any one of the group.
引用任何组之一 .
It is used with a singular noun.
它是使用和单一的 noun.
a man = any one man.
一个人 = 在字前任何
"A" becomes "an" before a word starting with a vowel.
一人变成开始和元音.
"The" is more exact.
是更多精确.
It has special relation to that one in the group who seems important to you.
它有特殊关系到那个在组似乎重要的你.
"This" and "That"
这和那
"This" and "That" are words which make something special.
各种事情是字哪一个制作东西特殊.
They do so more strongly than "the".
他们做如此比更坚强地 .
"This" points to something near to the one talking.
这磅东西靠近一多嘴的.
"That" points to a thing further away.
那磅东西更远离开.
(The pointing need not be an actual action).
(弄尖不需要是实际操作).
| singular
非凡 | plural
复数 |
| this
这 | these
这些 |
| that
那 | those
那些 |
| this
这 | this is the way
这是方法 |
| that
那 | in that place
在那放置 |
Structure words
结构字
Verbs
动词
An important class of structure words is verbs.
结构的重要的班字是动词.
They are "doing" words.
他们是 "做"字.
They make connection between the "things" which do the action and the "things" which have a relation to them.
他们制作连接位于"东西"哪一个操作和"东西"哪一个有关系他们.
Verbs have some different forms.
动词有一些不同窗体.
You get a sense of these differences through hearing them.
你接通这些差别的感觉听觉他们.
So we will not give them special attention now.
如此我们不会给他们特殊注意现在.
Pictured Words
图片字
Some things may be seen by eye.
一些东西可以被看见由眼睛.
They are called "pictured" words.
他们被称为 "图片"字.
They are easier to learn than are words which come to us as ideas and thoughts.
他们更易学习比被字哪一个来我们作为主意和认为.
These four things are examples of picture words:
这些四东西是例子的图片字:
| eye
眼睛 |
| house
房子 |
| face
脸 |
| woman
妇女 |
In these units, 200 of the 600 names of things are picture words.
在这些单元, 200 的东西的 600 名是图片字.
Simple sentence
简单的句子
An example of parts of speech may be given with the picture noun, "house":
词类的例子可以被给和图片名词,房子:
If we say, "small house", we have put an adjective with the picture noun.
如果我们说,小房子,我们已放形容词和图片名词.
If we say "a small house", we are adding, a.
如果我们说小房子,我们在加,.
when we say, "see a small house", we have added the verb, see.
我们说当 ,看见小房子,我们已加动词,看见.
When we say, "I see a small house", we are using the pronoun, I, as well.
我们说当,明白了小房子,我们在应用代名词,我,也.
From the picture word, "house", we then have formed the simple sentence:
从图片字,房子,我们然后已形成简单句:
I see a small house.
明白了小房子.
New Words
新字
Nouns
名词
地球
他
它
他们
眼睛
房子
座位
妇女
脸
我
她
你
Pronouns or Adjectives
代名词或形容词
这
那
Structure Words
结构字
一
是
是
在
并且
在